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Charles Wells (gambler)
Charles Deville Wells (1841–1922), gambler and confidence trickster,〔(Prison for Charles Wells ) at New York Times〕 is one of the men who broke the bank at Monte Carlo, in a series of successful gambles in 1891. made famous by the song. Joseph Jagger was the first gambler to get publicity for "breaking the bank" in 1873, but the song was not written until 1892 and so it seems that Wells is a more likely inspiration for the song.
==Career==
Wells was the son of Charles Jeremiah Wells, a poet to whom John Keats addressed a sonnet. He claimed to be an inventor, and obtained funds to develop various alleged inventions. In July 1891 Wells went to Monte Carlo with £4,000 that he had defrauded from investors in a bogus invention, a "musical jump rope." In an eleven-hour session Wells 'broke the bank' twelve times, winning a million francs. In the French language, if a gambler wins more chips than are available at a table (the table bank), they are said to have "faire sauter la banque", which was translated as "breaking the bank" (lit. to blow up the bank or the safe). A black shroud was placed over the table until replacement chips were brought in. However, no gambler has come close to winning the ''whole reserves'' of the casino. At one stage he won 23 times out of 30 successive spins of the wheel. Wells returned to Monte Carlo in November of that year and won again. During this session he made another million francs in three days, including successful bets on the number five for five consecutive turns.
Despite hiring private detectives the Casino never discovered whether Wells was using a system, or some form of deception; Wells later asserted it was just a lucky streak. Some say that his system was the high-risk Martingale betting system, doubling the stake to make up losses.〔The origin of the name "Martingale" is in dispute. Many gambling writers believe it is a bastardization of the name "Martingale" and that it was named after Henry Martingale, an English Casino owner in the 1700s who is reputed to urge losing punters to "double 'em up" with their wagers.〕 Some also say that his system was a variation of the D'Alembert system using the analogy of a swinging pendulum to determine whether to bet on black or red. However, Wells could not have used either of these systems as they are both easy to detect and despite hiring private detectives, the Casino never discovered Wells's system.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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